Crack Wireless Key
This article shortly describes simple steps on how to crack a wireless WEP key using AIR Crack software. This can be done by sniffing a wireless network, capturing.
How To Crack WEP and WPA Wireless Networks Cracking WEP, WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK wireless security using aircrack-ng You can crack the WEP key while.
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You already know that if you want to lock down your Wi-Fi network, you should opt for WPA encryption because WEP is easy to crack. But did you know how easy. Take a look.
Tech site Ars Technica runs down the basics of securing your home wireless network with the most
Note: This post demonstrates how to crack WEP passwords, an older and less often used network security protocol. If the network you want to crack is using the more popular WPA encryption, see our guide to cracking a Wi-Fi network s WPA password with Reaver instead.
Your Wi-Fi network is your conveniently wireless gateway to the internet, and since you re not
Today we re going to run down, step-by-step, how to crack a Wi-Fi network with WEP security turned on. But first, a word: Knowledge is power, but power doesn t mean you should be a jerk, or do anything illegal. Knowing how to pick a lock doesn t make you a thief. Consider this post educational, or a proof-of-concept intellectual exercise.
From the use this for good, not evil files comes a fascinating instructional video on
Dozens of tutorials on how to crack WEP are already all over the internet using this method. Seriously Google it. This ain t what you d call news. But what is surprising is that someone like me, with minimal networking experience, can get this done with free software and a cheap Wi-Fi adapter. Here s how it goes.
you re a computer security and networking ninja, chances are you don t
have all the tools on hand to get this job done. Here s what you ll
A compatible wireless adapter This is
the biggest requirement. You ll need a wireless adapter that s capable
of packet injection, and chances are the one in your computer is not.
After consulting with my friendly neighborhood security expert, I
purchased an Alfa AWUS050NH USB adapter, pictured here, and it set me
back about 50 on Amazon. Update: Don t do what I did. Get the Alfa AWUS036H, not the US050NH, instead. The guy in this video below is using a 12 model he bought on Ebay and is even selling his router of choice. There are plenty of resources on getting aircrack-compatible adapters out there.A BackTrack Live CD. We already took you on a full screenshot tour of how to install and use BackTrack 3,
the Linux Live CD that lets you do all sorts of security testing and
tasks. Download yourself a copy of the CD and burn it, or load it up in
VMware to get started.A nearby WEP-enabled Wi-Fi network.
The signal should be strong and ideally people are using it, connecting
and disconnecting their devices from it. The more use it gets while you
collect the data you need to run your crack, the better your chances of
success.Patience with the command line. This
is an ten-step process that requires typing in long, arcane commands and
waiting around for your Wi-Fi card to collect data in order to crack
the password. Like the doctor said to the short person, be a little
To crack WEP, you ll need to launch Konsole, BackTrack s built-in command line. It s right there on the taskbar in the lower left corner, second button to the right. Now, the commands.
First run the following to get a list of your network interfaces:
The only one I ve got there is labeled ra0. Yours may be different; take note of the label and write it down. From here on in, substitute it in everywhere a command includes interface.
Now, run the following four commands. See the output that I got for them in the screenshot below.
macchanger --mac :: interface
If you don t get the same results from these commands as pictured here, most likely your network adapter won t work with this particular crack. If you do, you ve successfully faked a new MAC address on your network interface, :.
Now it s time to pick your network. Run:
To see a list of wireless networks around you. When you see the one you want, hit Ctrl C to stop the list. Highlight the row pertaining to the network of interest, and take note of two things: its BSSID and its channel in the column labeled CH, as pictured below. Obviously the network you want to crack should have WEP encryption in the ENC column, not WPA or anything else.
Like I said, hit Ctrl C to stop this listing. I had to do this once or twice to find the network I was looking for. Once you ve got it, highlight the BSSID and copy it to your clipboard for reuse in the upcoming commands.
Now we re going to watch what s going on with that network you chose and capture that information to a file. Run:
airodump-ng -c channel -w file name --bssid bssid interface
Where channel is your network s channel, and bssid is the BSSID you just copied to clipboard. You can use the Shift Insert key combination to paste it into the command. Enter anything descriptive for file name. I chose yoyo, which is the network s name I m cracking.
You ll get output like what s in the window in the background pictured below. Leave that one be. Open a new Konsole window in the foreground, and enter this command:
aireplay-ng -1 0 -a bssid -h :: -e essid interface
Here the ESSID is the access point s SSID name, which in my case is yoyo. What you want to get after this command is the reassuring Association successful message with that smiley face.
You re almost there. Now it s time for:
aireplay-ng -3 -b bssid -h :: interface
Here we re creating router traffic to capture more throughput faster to speed up our crack. After a few minutes, that front window will start going crazy with read/write packets. Also, I was unable to surf the web with the yoyo network on a separate computer while this was going on. Here s the part where you might have to grab yourself a cup of coffee or take a walk. Basically you want to wait until enough data has been collected to run your crack. Watch the number in the Data column you want it to go above 10,000. Pictured below it s only at 854.
Depending on the power of your network mine is inexplicably low at -32 in that screenshot, even though the yoyo AP was in the same room as my adapter, this process could take some time. Wait until that Data goes over 10k, though because the crack won t work if it doesn t. In fact, you may need more than 10k, though that seems to be a working threshold for many.
Once you ve collected enough data, it s the moment of truth. Launch a third Konsole window and run the following to crack that data you ve collected:
aircrack-ng -b bssid file name-01.cap
Here the filename should be whatever you entered above for file name. You can browse to your Home directory to see it; it s the one with. cap as the extension.
If you didn t get enough data, aircrack will fail and tell you to try again with more. If it succeeds, it will look like this:
The WEP key appears next to KEY FOUND. Drop the colons and enter it to log onto the network.
With this article I set out to prove that cracking WEP is a relatively easy process for someone determined and willing to get the hardware and software going. I still think that s true, but unlike the guy in the video below, I had several difficulties along the way. In fact, you ll notice that the last screenshot up there doesn t look like the others it s because it s not mine. Even though the AP which I was cracking was my own and in the same room as my Alfa, the power reading on the signal was always around -30, and so the data collection was very slow, and BackTrack would consistently crash before it was complete. After about half a dozen attempts and trying BackTrack on both my Mac and PC, as a live CD and a virtual machine, I still haven t captured enough data for aircrack to decrypt the key.
So while this process is easy in theory, your mileage may vary depending on your hardware, proximity to the AP point, and the way the planets are aligned. Oh yeah, and if you re on deadline Murphy s Law almost guarantees it won t work if you re on deadline.
Got any experience with the WEP cracking courtesy of BackTrack. What do you have to say about it. Give it up in the comments.
Cracking WEP, WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK wireless security using aircrack-ng
Keywords: aircrack, Wireless, Wi-Fi, WPA, WEP, WPA2, NIC, hash, wordlist, security, SSID, channel
With the popularity of wireless networks and mobile computing, an overall understanding of common security issues has become not only relevant, but very necessary for both home/SOHO users and IT professionals alike. This article is aimed at illustrating current security flaws in WEP/WPA/WPA2.
Successfully cracking a wireless network assumes some basic familiarity with networking principles and terminology, as well as working with command-line tools. A basic familiarity with Linux can be helpful as well.
Disclaimer: Attempting to access a network other than your own, or one you have permission to use is illegal insome U.S. jurisdictions. Speed Guide, Inc. are not to be held liable for any damages resulting from the use or misuse of the information in this article.
To successfully crack WEP/WPA, you first need to be able to set your wireless network card in monitor mode to passively capture packets without being associated with a network. This NIC mode is driver-dependent, and only a relatively small number of network cards support this mode under Windows.
One of the best free utilities for monitoring wireless traffic and cracking WEP/WPA-PSK keys is the aircrack-ng suite, which we will use throughout this article. It has both Linux and Windows versions provided your network card is supported under Windows. The aircrack-ng site has a comprehensive list of supported network cards available here: NIC chipset compatability list.
If your network card is not supported under Windows, one can use a free Linux Live CD to boot the system. BackTrack 3 is probably the most commonly used distribution, since it runs from a Live CD, and has aircrack-ng and a number of related tools already installed.
For this article, I am using aircrack-ng version 1.0 on a Linux partition Fedora Core 10, 2.6 32-bit kernel on my Sony Vaio SZ-680 laptop, using the built-in Intel 4965agn network card. If you re using the BackTrack 3 CD aircrack-ng is already installed, with my version of linux it was as simple as finding it with:
The aircrack-ng suite is a collection of command-line programs aimed at WEP and WPA-PSK key cracking. The ones we will be using are:
airmon-ng - script used for switching the wireless network card to monitor mode
airodump-ng - for WLAN monitoring and capturing network packets
aireplay-ng - used to generate additional traffic on the wireless network
aircrack-ng - used to recover the WEP key, or launch a dictionary attack on WPA-PSK using the captured data.
As mentioned above, to capture network traffic wihtout being associated with an access point, we need to set the wireless network card in monitor mode. To do that under linux, in a terminal window logged in as root, type:
iwconfig to find all wireless network interfaces and their status
airmon-ng start wlan0 to set in monitor mode, you may have to substitute wlan0 for your own interface name
Note: You can use the su command to switch to a root account.
Other related Linux commands:
ifconfig to list available network interfaces, my network card is listed as wlan0
ifconfig wlan0 down to stop the specified network card
ifconfig wlan0 hw ether :: change the MAC address of a NIC - can even simulate the MAC of an associated client. NIC should be stopped before chaning MAC address
iwconfig wlan0 mode monitor to set the network card in monitor mode
ifconfig wlan0 up to start the network card
iwconfig - similar to ifconfig, but dedicated to the wireless interfaces.
This step assumes you ve already set your wireless network interface in monitor mode. It can be checked by executing the iwconfig command. Next step is finding available wireless networks, and choosing your target:
airodump-ng mon0 - monitors all channels, listing available access points and associated clients within range. It is best to select a target network with strong signal PWR column, more traffic Beacons/Data columns and associated clients listed below all access points. Once you ve selected a target, note its Channel and BSSID MAC address. Also note any STATION associated with the same BSSID client MAC addresses.
running airodump-ng displays all wireless access points and associated clients in range, as well as MAC addresses, SSIDs, signal levels and other information about them.
WEP is much easier to crack than WPA-PSK, as it only requires data capturing between 20k and 40k packets, while WPA-PSK needs a dictionary attack on a captured handshake between the access point and an associated client which may or may not work.
To capture data into a file, we use the airodump-ng tool again, with some additional switches to target a specific AP and channel. Most importantly, you should restrict monitoring to a single channel to speed up data collection, otherwise the wireless card has to alternate between all channels. Assuming our wireless card is mon0, and we want to capture packets on channel 6 into a text file called data:
airodump-ng -c 6 bssid 00:0F:CC:7D:5A:74 -w data mon0 -c6 switch would capture data on channel 6, bssid 00:0F:CC:7D:5A:74 is the MAC address of our target access point, -w data specifies that we want to save captured packets into a file called data in the current directory, mon0 is our wireless network adapter
Running airodump-ng on a single channel targeting a specific access point
You typically need between 20,000 and 40,000 data packets to successfully recover a WEP key.
One can also use the --ivs switch with the airodump-ng command to capture only IVs, instead of whole packets, reducing the required disk space. However, this switch can only be used if targeting a WEP network, and renders some types of attacks useless.
4. Increase Traffic aireplay-ng - optional step for WEP cracking
An active network can usually be penetrated within a few minutes. However, slow networks can take hours, even days to collect enough data for recovering the WEP key.
This optional step allows a compatible network interface to inject/generate packets to increase traffic on the wireless network, therefore greatly reducing the time required for capturing data. The aireplay-ng command should be executed in a separate terminal window, concurrent to airodump-ng. It requires a compatible network card and driver that allows for injection mode.
Assuming your network card is capable of injecting packets, in a separate terminal window try:
aireplay-ng -3 -b 00:0F:CC:7D:5A:74 -h :A5:2F:A7:DE -x 50 wlan0
-3 -- this specifies the type of attack, in our case ARP-request replay
-b. . -- MAC address of access point
-h. . -- MAC address of associated client from airodump
-x 50 -- limit to sending 50 packets per second
wlan0 -- our wireless network interface
aireplay-ng allows for injecting packets to greatly reduce the time required to recover a WEP key
To test whether your nic is able to inject packets, you may want to try: aireplay-ng -9 wlan0. You may also want to read the information available -here-.
To see all available replay attacks, type just: aireplay-ng
WEP cracking is a simple process, only requiring collection of enough data to then extract the key and connect to the network. You can crack the WEP key while capturing data. In fact, aircrack-ng will re-attempt cracking the key after every 5000 packets.
To attempt recovering the WEP key, in a new terminal window, type:
aircrack-ng data. cap assuming your capture file is called datacap, and is located in the same directory
aircrack-ng can successfully recover a WEP key with 10-40k captured packets. The retreived key is in hexadecimal, and can be entered directly into a wireless client omitting the : separators
If your data file contains ivs/packets from different access points, you may be presented with a list to choose which one to recover.
Usually, between 20k and 40k packets are needed to successfully crack a WEP key. It may sometimes work with as few as 10,000 packets with short keys.
6. Crack WPA or WPA2 PSK aircrack-ng
WPA, unlike WEP rotates the network key on a per-packet basis, rendering the WEP method of penetration useless. Cracking a WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK key requires a dictionary attack on a handshake between an access point and a client. What this means is, you need to wait until a wireless client associates with the network or deassociate an already connected client so they automatically reconnect. All that needs to be captured is the initial four-way-handshake association between the access point and a client. Essentially, the weakness of WPA-PSK comes down to the passphrase. A short/weak passphrase makes it vulnerable to dictionary attacks.
To successfully crack a WPA-PSK network, you first need a capture file containing handshake data. This can be obtained using the same technique as with WEP in step 3 above, using airodump-ng.
You may also try to deauthenticate an associated client to speed up this process of capturing a handshake, using:
aireplay-ng --deauth 3 -a MAC_AP -c MAC_Client mon0 where MAC_IP is the MAC address of the access point, MAC_Client is the MAC address of an associated client, mon0 is your wireless NIC.
The command output looks something like:
:56 Waiting for beakon frame BSSID: :::66 on channel 6
:56 Sending 64 directed DeAuth. STMAC: :::66 ACKs
Note the last two numbers in brackets ACKs show the number of acknowledgements received from the client NIC first number and the AP second number. It is important to have some number greater than zero in both. If the first number is zero, that indicates that you re too far from the associated client to be able to send deauth packets to it, you may want to try adding a reflector to your antenna even a simple manilla folder with aluminum foil stapled to it works as a reflector to increase range and concentrate the signal significantly, or use a larger antenna.
Simple antenna reflector using aluminum foil stapled to a manilla folder can concentrate the signal and increase range significantly. For best results, you ll have to place the antenna exactly in the middle and change direction as necessary. Of course there are better reflectors out there, a parabolic reflector would offer even higher gain, for example.
Once you have captured a four-way handshake, you also need a large/relevant dictinary file commonly known as wordlists with common passphrases. See related links below for some wordlist links.
You can, then execute the following command in a linux terminal window assuming both the dictionary file and captured data file are in the same directory :
aircrack-ng -w wordlist capture_file where wordlist is your dictionary file, and capture_file is a. cap file with a valid WPA handshake
Cracking WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK only needs 4 packets of data from the network a handshake. After that, an offline dictionary attack on that handshake takes much longer, and will only succeed with weak passphrases and good dictionary files. A good size wordlist should be 20 Megabytes in size, cracking a strong passphrase will take hours and is CPU intensive.
Cracking WPA/WPA2 usually takes many hours, testing tens of millions of possible keys for the chance to stumble on a combination of common numerals or dictionary words. Still, a weak/short/common/human-readable passphrase can be broken within a few minutes using an offline dictionary attack. My record time was less than a minute on an all-caps 10-character passphrase using common words with less than 11,000 tested keys. A modern laptop can process over 10 Million possible keys in less than 3 hours.
WPA hashes the network key using the wireless access point s SSID as salt. This prevents the statistical key-grabbing techniques that broke WEP, and makes hash precomputation more dificult because the specific SSID needs to be added as salt for the hash. There are some tools like coWPAtty that can use precomputed hash files to speed up dictionary attacks. Those hash files can be very effective sicne they re much less CPU intensive and therefore faster, but quite big in size. The Church of WiFi has computed hash tables for the 1000 most common SSIDs against a million common passphrases that are 7Gb and 33Gb in size
As demonstrated above, WEP cracking has become increasingly easier over the years, and what used to take hundreds of thousands packets and days of capturing data can be accomplished today within 15 minutes with a mere 20k data frames.
WPA/WPA2-PSK encryption is holding its ground if using a strong, long key. However, weak passphrases are vulnerable to dictionary attacks. WPA/WPA2 may be on borrowed time as well, according to some recent news.
WPA Wordlists - Torrent search
We have updated our tutorial on how to crack WPA / WPA2 with even more powerful and easier to use passphrase recovery tools. We ve also added tips for creati.
Video embedded To crack WEP, you ll need to launch Konsole, BackTrack s built-in command line. It s right there on the taskbar in the lower left corner, second button to.
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How To Crack WEP and WPA Wireless Networks
